Horse Facts

materials science- hardness of material?

in lab we rolled samples of brass and reduced them to 10%-50% of the original size. now with this “working” of the material, it made the material stronger (my prof said its like working a coat hanger- the metal gets stronger).

Working the material is generally done at either ‘hot’ or ‘cold’ intervals; hot being above the temperature of recrystallization, and cold being below.

With cold rolling, you get much more crystal deformation, you get closer final tolerances, a better surface finish, and the metal usually ‘work hardens’ in the process.

With hot rolling, you get more, finer, equiaxed grains, and eliminates internal stresses.

If you look up the definitions of those terms you listed, they should make a little more sense — but I’ll give it my best shot:

Hardness – a material’s resistance to permanent deformation (tested with Vickers Brinell, and Rockwell tests

Tensile strength – a material’s resistance to a force tearing it apart (the tensile tests include a wishbone-shaped test rod and a machine literally pulls with the same force in opposite directions until it tears the sample in half). This is the test which is used to make stress vs. strain curves (very important!)

Ductility – a material’s ability to deform when in tension. So a brittle material is the opposite of ductile. Usually ductile materials can deform a lot before they fail (stretching like a stick of gum and then breaking in half), where as a brittle material can take a lot more force but will snap much quicker. Just think of a rubber band stretching like crazy before it breaks (ductile) and a coffee mug dropped from a height (brittle).

I hope this helped a little bit, if you have any more questions, feel free to post them or private message me, I’m more than happy to help!

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